1. Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trust Computing, Ministry of Education, school of cyber science and engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
2. NIO company, China
3. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China
4. Infrastructure and System Lab of Applied Research Center, ByteDance Ltd., and Cyber Security Lab, Pennsylvania State University, USA
5. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, USA