1. College of Electronic Information Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
2. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
3. Software College, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
4. Faculty of Information and Communication Studies, University of the Philippines Open University, Los Baños, Philippines
5. Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan