1. Faculty of Business, Economics, and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah at Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
2. Data Technologies and Application Research Group, Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah at Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
3. Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA