1. School of Computer and Software Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
2. School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
3. School of Statistics and Mathematics, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
4. School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
5. School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
6. Faculty of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
7. Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
8. Department of Geography and Environmental Management and the Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada