1. Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
2. Department of Sciences and Informatics, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Japan
3. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
4. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
5. School of Information Technology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada