1. School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K.
2. School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K.
3. School of Information Engineering, Fujian Business University, Fuzhou, China
4. School of Management Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
5. School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K.
6. School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.K.
7. Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, U.K.