1. College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Medina, Western Region, Saudi Arabia
2. Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
3. DAAI Research Group, College of Computing and Digital Technology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, U.K
4. School of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.K