1. Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
2. DAAI Research Group, School of Computing and Digital Technology, College of Computing and Digital Technology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, U.K
3. Department of Information Systems, King Khalid University, Muhayil, Saudi Arabia
4. Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia