1. Department of Computer Science, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
2. Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
3. College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
4. School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K
5. Department of Computer Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA