1. College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
2. Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, U.K
3. School of Mathematics and Statistics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
4. School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
5. Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
6. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan