Intranasal Drug Delivery System: A Review

Abstract

Intranasal drug delivery is an innovative and non-invasive approach that has garnered increasing attention for its potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy in various disease conditions. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the advantages, challenges, and recent developments in intranasal drug delivery systems (INDDS). The unique anatomical features of the nasal cavity, including its extensive vascularization and large surface area, which allow for rapid absorption and bypass of the first-pass metabolism. These characteristics make the intranasal route particularly attractive for delivering drugs targeting the central nervous system, such as neurodegenerative disorders and migraine, as well as local treatments for sinusitis and allergic rhinitis. Furthermore, it can be delves into the various formulations utilized in INDDS, including solutions, suspensions, gels, micro emulsions, and nanoparticles. These formulations offer opportunities to improve drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability while allowing for sustained release and controlled drug release profiles. The article also highlights the challenges associated with intranasal drug delivery, such as limited drug permeability across the nasal epithelium, mucociliary clearance, and potential irritation of the nasal mucosa. Strategies to overcome these challenges, such as the use of permeation enhancers and mucoadhesive polymers, are discussed. These innovations have paved the way for novel drug delivery systems that show promising results in preclinical and clinical studies, offering significant potential for patient convenience and compliance. In conclusion, it can be said that intranasal drug delivery is a promising approach to improve therapeutic outcomes, especially for drugs targeting the central nervous system and local treatments. It underscores the importance of further research and development to optimize formulations, enhance drug permeability, and ensure safety and efficacy, ultimately opening new avenues for improved patient care and treatment strategies.