Effect of Ginkgo biloba and Anacyclus pyrethrum against Streptococcus species isolated from Dental caries and Periodontitis

Abstract

Streptococcusis the main etiological agents of dental caries and periodontitis. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Anacyclus pyrethrum and Ginkgo biloba extracts on the isolated Streptococcus speciesfrom dental caries and periodontitis samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility assays such as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract against Streptococcus species were performed. S. mutans resistance was also determinedby plasmid curing. The extract of A. pyrethrum and G. biloba exhibited 82.55% and 81.73% of inhibition against Streptococcus mutans at MIC 8 mg/ml and 9mg/ml respectively. Other Streptococcus species are resistant to A. pyrethrum (>77%) and G. biloba (>74%). MBC of A. pyrethrum extract was 20mg/ml for S. mutans and 22mg/ml for other Streptococcus species. Meanwhile, MBC was 24mg/ml and 26mg/ml for G. bilobaagainst S. mutansand other Streptococcus species respectively. The plasmid curing by faint plasmid band analysis indicated that these herbal extracts partially reversed the resistance against S. mutans. Our observations indicated that the A. pyrethrum and G.biloba extracts combat resistance against oral streptococcus. Further study needs to be conducted to check the potential active ingredients of these herbal extracts and to be formulated in oral care applications.