The Effects of Brotowali (Tinospora crispa) Extract on The Number of Macrophage Cells in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Suffering from Periodontitis

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues usually provoked by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) bacteria. In the periodontitis healing process, macrophages play a significant role in the inflammatory stage. Brotowali (Tinospora crispa) consists of flavonoids that can stimulate periodontitis healing. Methods: Brotowali extract was derived from dried brotowali stems, processed into powder, and macerated with ethanol 80%. After that, the extraction was performed in three different concentrations, which were 25%, 50%, and 100%. five groups of Wistar rats were divided into Healthy wistar rats (control negative) Wistar rats suffering from periodontitis (control positive), Wistar rats suffering from periodontitis treated with 0.1 ml of 25% brotowali extract (treatment I), suffering from periodontitis treated with 0.1 ml of 50% brotowali extract (treatment II), and Wistar rats suffering from periodontitis treated with 0.1 ml of 100% brotowali extract (treatment III). The histological slide of each sample then was made to determine the number of macrophages cells. Results: One-Way ANOVA analysis revealed a notable difference among the groups. Tukey HSD Test (Post Hoc Test) showed no significant difference between (treatment group I) and (treatment group II). Conclusion: Brotowali extract may influence macrophage cells count of Wistar rats caused by A. actinomycetemcomitans bacteria.