Identification of bioactive ingredients in Chenopodium murale L Chenopodiaceae by HPLC and GC/MS

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the successive extraction of the active ingredients and their antioxidant activity, anti-arthritic as well as anticancer activity of aerial parts (stem, leaves, and flowers) of Chenopodium murale L. Therefore, C. murale plants were extracted using four solvents with a wide range of polarities: n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanolic and aqueous extracts. Chemical analysis proved it to be a potential source of protein, fat, carbohydrates, the results showed the percentages were: moisture content (92.45%), ash content (18.19%), crude protein (30.42%), crude lipid (2.86%), and carbohydrate (48.3%) respectively of the C.murale. Methanol extracts showed the highest content of total phenolic (TP), total flavonoid (TF), and total tannin (TT). The active ingredients were assessed as well employing gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds confirmed that the methanol extract of C.murale detected high amounts of coumarin, 3, 4, 5 methoxy-cinnamic, and pyrogallol respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of C.murale herb displayed a rise cytotoxic effects on MCF7 (89.30 %), aqueous HCT116 (81%), methanol (60.70%) as well as n-hexane (39.80) respectively at 37°C for 48 h of exposure and concentration 100 µg/ml. In anti-arthritic activity at a dose-dependent, the Ethyl acetate successive fraction proved to be the most significant where it produced a percentage of inhibition ranging from 51.73 to 95.77 % followed by methanol fraction 47.70 to 90.02 % at (P ≤ 0.05), compared to Diclofenac as standard 91.22 to 96.44 %. Thus, our findings highlight the potential of this plant for its possible clinical use to oppose malignancy development against especially breast and colon cell lines with anti-arthritic effects as a bioagent in pharmaceutical industries.