Formulation and In-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Gel containing Ethanolic extract of Purple Sweet Potato Leaves (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Loaded Poly Lactic Co-Glycolic Acid Submicroparticles against Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus has been resistant to various antibiotics including erythromycin, clindamycin, penicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and piperacillin-tazobactam so that an alternative treatment is needed. The purple sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir) contain flavonoid compounds that have antibacterial activity by inhibiting nucleic acid, protein synthesis, cell membrane, and energy metabolism in bacteria. In this study, ethanolic extract of purple sweet potato leaves is loaded to poly lactic-co-glycolic acid submicroparticles to increase the stability of flavonoids and the antibacterial effect. Submicroparticle gel was prepared with various concentrations of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ie F1, F2, and F3 respectively 3%, 5%, and 7%. The antibacterial activity of submicroparticles gel compared with a gel containing extracts without submicroparticle and erythromycin gel as a positive control. Phytochemical test results that the ethanolic extract of purple sweet potato leaves contains flavonoids. Based on the research results, the best formula was F1(3%) with pH, homogeneity, viscosity, dispersibility, adhesion, and washability, respectively 7.4±0.0361; homogeneous; 8358.9±228.1391 cps; 4.2667±0.3005cm; 45.333±2.5166 seconds; 11.6667±1.5275mL. F1 was also shown to have strong antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone value of 13.67±4.04mm.