Development and qualitative evaluation of periodontal gel containing an antibacterial agent for periodontal disease

Abstract

The present study aims at the development and evaluation of dental gel containing metronidazole non-biodegradable polymers for targeted delivery of drug and thus prolonging the action. Hot Method was used for the preparation of gel. Natural polymers like, Guar gum, Sodium alginate, Chitosan, Xanthan gum, Gellan gum were used in the formulations of gel. Prepared gels were evaluated for pH, rheological study, spreadability study, gelation, and gel melting study. At last Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy FESEM, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) have been done on an optimized gel formulation. All gels revealed pH ranged between 6.16 to 6.47, spreadability between 28.37 to 45.03 g.cm/sec, drug content between 90.01 to 99.10 % viscosity ranged between 3108.44 cps and 3645.47 cps and formulations F3 and F10 showed gelation temperature 39±0.12OC and 37±0.13OC respectively which is similar to the temperature of the body. Surface of the sample gels showed no drug particles, indicating a homogeneous mixture of polymers of drugs as well as natural agents. Formulation F10 containing Guar gum showed slower degradation in all media as compared to gels made of Sodium alginate, Xanthan gum, Chitosan, Gellan gum. DSC results revealed that the drug has the same state in the optimized formulation. TGA results showed that the formulation was found to have high stability in high-temperature settings. TPA results of optimized F10 revealed the parameters Mucoadhesive strength 92.54 ± 2.65 g, Hardness 25.34 ± 0.01N/mm², Compressibility 57.75 ± 0.40N mm, Adhesiveness−4.56 ± 0.26 N mm, Cohesiveness 0.83 ± 0.06. Hence, it is concluded that Metronidazole gel with gellan gum showed a longer degradation time and guar gum showed slower degradation in all over polymers used in gel formulations.