Incidence of cerebrovascular diseases in the Russian Federation in 2010–2022

Abstract

Background. Mortality from cerebrovascular diseases in Russia is one of the highest in the world. Aim. To determine trends in the incidence of cerebrovascular pathology, including in connection with the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Material and methods. The structure, indicators of primary and general incidence of cerebrovascular pathology in 2010–2022 in Russia as a whole according to statistical observation form No. 12 were analyzed. Intensive, extensive, and standardized indicators were calculated and regression analysis was performed. Results. The share of newly diagnosed cerebrovascular diseases in the structure of circulatory system diseases in Russia during the study period decreased from 21.7 to 17.4%. The overall incidence of cerebrovascular pathology ranged from 4371.1 to 4938.1, primary — from 599.8 to 791.2 per 100 thousand population. The primary incidence rate of stroke in the period from 2010 to 2019 increased from 270.1 to 296.6 per 100 thousand population, with a subsequent decrease in 2022 to 275.3 per 100 thousand population. When standardizing the primary incidence of stroke by age, no significant changes in the indicator were detected over the entire observation period. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases (general and primary), as well as the incidence of their individual units, decreased or deviated from the upward trend. The proportion of strokes not specified as hemorrhage or infarction decreased from 10.2 to 1.8%. During the pandemic period (2020–2022), there was an increase in the risk of developing cerebral infarction compared to intracranial and intracerebral hemorrhages (from 1.7:1 to 1.9:1; p=0.0000). The primary incidence of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes increased from 161.3 (2010) to 238.1 (2019) per 100 thousand population; in 2022 it was 225.7 per 100 thousand population. During the study period, there was no trend towards an increase in the standardized incidence of strokes. Conclusion. From 2010 to 2019 in Russia there was an increase in the primary incidence of cerebrovascular pathology, a decrease in overall and primary incidence in 2020–2022.