Machines and technologies of entire lands levelling for paddy field

Abstract

The entire lands levelling for paddy field with the precision of ±3 cm provides heavy and stable rice crop and irrigation water saving. The purpose of the article is the determination of technical and economic indicators of various machines and technologies of levelling for paddy field and the estimation of efficiency of their use. At the beginning of levelling, executive survey of the check should be performed with application of the laser transmitter and automatic level. Based on the recorded survey data, the plan of levelling operations is made on computer with special software. Entire lands levelling requires the use of various machines: the scraper, the land leveller, the V-type leveller, the ejector scraper. Four main variants of technology are used. In the first and second variants of technology, the scraper and land leveller are used; in the third one there are V-type leveller, scraper and land leveller; in the fourth one the ejector scraper is in use. Each machine is equipped with the laser transmitter, laser receiving device and hydraulic unit, which provides levelling precision of ± 2-3 cm. After the levelling by analogy with executive survey, the control one is performed and according to the constructed cartogram, the precision of the levelled surface of the check is estimated. The technical characteristics of the automated machines are presented. Based on the analysis of performance of various types of machines, it is established that the ejector scraper has significant advantages due to the increased volume of soil transportation in scraper mode and the increased thickness of soil cutting in comparison with the land leveller. All of this improves performance of the ejector scraper and reduces number of its passes. The ejector scraper also is applicable in finishing levelling in operating mode of land leveller. The calculated dependences for determination of process capacity of various machines used in the levelling are given. The formulas for calculation of its cost and economic efficiency for the main variants of technology are also given. On the basis of indicators of operational characteristics of machines and calculated data of economic efficiency, the technical and economic indicators of entire lands levelling for paddy field in conditions of Krasnodar Krai are determined. The lowest cost of levelling operations and the maximum economic benefit corresponds to the variant of technology using one multi-purpose ejector scraper with short base.