Study of the ecological indicators of diesel engine operation with biomineral fuel mixtures

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Studies of alternative fuels for automobiles and tractors are of great importance for the development of the Russian engine industry. This trend finds its place in the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030, thus being one of the priority directions. Many Russian scientists have been dealing with the problem of multi-fuel capability of internal combustion engines for a long time. This article discusses the operation of the D-245.5S2 diesel engine with biomineral fuel mixtures (BMFM) for their environmental friendliness according to the methodology of UN Regulation No. 96 (02). AIM: Justification of the relevance of the use of biomineral fuel mixtures (BMFMs) for diesel engine operation in various load modes based on a comparison of their final specific emission value with the specific emission of toxic components of pure diesel fuel according to the UNECE Methodology No. 96 (02). METHODS: The following components were used for the preparation of BMFMs: ethanol (E), rapeseed oil (RO) and diesel fuel (DF). Biological components were mixed in different ratios to DF. Their ratio in the mixture was determined by laboratory studies of the physicochemical properties of the components. Subsequently, the mixtures were subjected to bench tests at the facility equipped with the D-245.5S2 diesel engine and the RAPIDO SAK N670 electric brake rig. Further, the obtained total values of the relative terms of the studied toxic components (soot, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen oxides) for all test cycles (percent — % and millionths — ppm) were converted into the actual content of these substances in the total specific emission in exhaust gases (according to UN Regulation No. 96(02) — g/kWh). RESULTS: It was found that the use of these mixtures has a positive effect on the environmental component of the exhaust gases: a decrease in the emission of the studied toxic components was observed when operating with the BMFMs in comparison with traditional diesel fuel. CONCLUSION: Although BMFMs show reduced emission values of harmful substances in exhaust gases compared to pure diesel fuel, they cannot make a diesel engine to satisfy the environmental indicators of the Stage II of the UNECE Regulation No. 96 (02); optimization of the fuel supply system and installation of additional exhaust gas filtration systems are necessary.