Force analysis of the mechanisms of tillage machines working elements following a specified path

Abstract

During the soil tillage in the rows of perennial plantations, the working elements have to move in the transverse direction while traversing of the bole. The specified path of the working elements movement is determined by the required protective zone. The specified path of the working elements movement at minimum energy costs for the technological process of soil tillage implementation should be observed. The working elements movement is carried out by a four-bar linkage, controlled by a hydraulic drive. Energy costs depend on forced effort, applied to the driving link of mechanism and soil resistance forces, acting on the working elements in the form of distributed load. The forced effort is proportional to the created pressure in the hydraulic drive. The energy costs can be reduced by using soil resistance forces acting on the working elements. Under a certain ratio of the movement mechanism parameters, the working elements under the action of soil resistance forces, tend to a row of perennial plantations and are retained in it without the usage of the hydraulic drive. The aim of the investigation is to justify a method of reducing the energy costs for the implementation of the technological process of soil tillage by analyzing the mechanisms of the working elements movement. The crane mechanisms, trapezoidal, parallelogram, cultivator H-7 of «Holder» company, movements of the left-handed, right-handed and symmetrical working elements were subjected to the research. A reduction in energy consumption is possible when moving the trapezoidal mechanism of the left-handed or right-handed, as well as the symmetrical working elements. Other mechanisms are characterized by additional energy costs as well. The main part of the energy is spent for retraction by means of hydraulic drive of working elements from a number of plantations. The retraction of the left-handed or right-handed, as well as of the symmetrical working elements in a row is carried out under the action of soil resistance forces by a trapezoidal mechanism with the ratio of the links 1:0,448:0,325:0,896:1,563.