Uterine fibroids and fertility: a modern view of the problem. A literature review

Abstract

The review was made based on https://cyberleninka.ru/, PubMed, MedArt and https://rucml.ru/. Uterine fibroid is one of the most common noninflammatory diseases of female reproductive system of reproductive age. Estrogens and progesterone are tightly connected with various growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta, insulinlike growth factor, endothelial growth factor etc. Dysfunction of sex steroids, alteration of myometrium vascularization and proinflammatory changes of endometrium, associated with leiomyoma can prevent from adequate preparation of endometrium to implantation. The situation is often complicated by combination of leiomyoma and adenomyosis. Pregnancy in women with leiomyoma is associated with increased risk of miscarriage, preeclampsia and placental insufficiency. Isthmic localization of uterine fibroid is considered to be the most unfavorable as it increases the risk of cervical insufficiency. Thus, uterine fibroid is a serious reproductive problem associated with fertility reduction and other problems with childbearing.