Bariatric surgery metabolic effects

Abstract

Obesity is considered now as a chronic relapsing lifelong disease, with a tendency to progression. According to the WHO, it present about 60% of the population of economically developed countries is overweight, 25-30% – is obesity. Russia is in fifth place in the world in the prevalence of obesity and overweight, being second only to the United States, Mexico, Hungary and Scotland. According to the Research Institute of Nutrition in the North-West region of the Russian Federation, 29.7% of women and 18.5% of men are overweight. Associated with obesity diseases include atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, hormonal disorders, some cancers, etc. In proportion to the number of obese people increases and the incidence of pathological conditions associated with overweight. The vast majority of 95% of obese people die from causes directly related to overweight. The life expectancy of patients with overweight is reduced by 10-20 years, depending on the age of development and severity of obesity. The effectiveness of the conservative methods of correction associated with overweight in the arsenal of medicine today is low due to the complexity of the impact on their main cause – overweight. The article presents modern ideas about the mechanisms of action, hormonal and metabolic effects of the main types of bariatric operations. High long-term efficacy of surgical treatment of obesity-associated dis-orders of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, arterial hypertension has been shown.