Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common tumor among endocrine malignant neoplasms all over the world. Over the past 20 years, there has been not only an increase in the indicators of true morbidity (not associated with active detection) of TC, but also the absence of a decrease in mortality and disability in this pathology. The identification of causal factors is important for clinical and scientific purposes, as it is the main requirement for the development of preventive measures and early diagnosis, forecasting the dynamics of the incidence of TC. The article provides an overview of known risk factors for the development of TC using sources of foreign and domestic literature, where preference is given to the results of large-scale scientific research. The article presents a wide range of causes of the development of TC: ionizing radiation, genetic factors, dietary characteristics, background diseases, and others.