Bacterial DNA damage effectors in host cells

Abstract

The microbiota has a significant, and sometimes decisive, effect on the host's homeostasis. The results of recent metagenomic studies confirm the importance of microbiota in maintaining health or its impact on the development of acute, chronic and neoplastic diseases. One of the important aspects of microbiota exposure is the ability of many bacterial species to induce mutations or modulate a mutation process in the cells of the host organism. This review summarizes the main experimental data revealing various mechanisms of genotoxic action of a bacterial microbiota, including direct damage to the DNA structure, induction of oxidative stress, delay in replication, and a decrease in repair efficiency. It is emphasized that bacteria use different strategies to ensure their own survival and replication, including. by suppressing the repair of host cell DNA, by promoting the survival of infected cells, despite the presence of DNA damage therein.