Evaluation of incidence of the adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy among patients in Far Eastern Federal District of Russia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy is one of the pathologic conditions , which successfully masks as age-related macular degeneration. AIM: To assess the incidence of the adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy among patients of a major ophthalmological clinic in the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We revealed the cases of adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy among 1000 patients aged 40 years and older who addressed for various ocular complaints. RESULTS: Adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy was found in 2 male patients aged 43 and 66 years. In the macular area of both eyes of the 1st patient, round yellow lesions in the foveola, local detachment of neuroepithelium, optically dense material deposits on the outer photoreceptor segments were detected (vitelliruptive stage of adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy). In the left eye of the 2nd patient, in the foveola, a single round yellow focus of 200 m was found, optically dense vitelliform material was detected between the pigment epithelium and neuroepithelium layers without any signs of choroidal neovascularization (vitelliform stage of adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy among patients with various ocular conditions was 0.2%. Morphological changes in the macula consist in presence of deposits of vitelliform material, localized between the neuroepithelium and retinal pigment epithelium layers.