Cervical cancer in a comparative aspect of its incidence and mortality in the female population in the Republic of Chechnya, North Caucasian Federal District, and Russia

Abstract

BACKGROUND:Investigating women with malignant neoplasms is a primary task, taking into account the damage to the reproductive system. AIM:The study aimed to analyze the incidence of cervical cancer and mortality in the female population of the Republic of Chechnya in a comparative aspect with the indicators for the North Caucasian Federal District, which includes the republic, and Russia as a whole. MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study analyzed data of the State Statistical Reporting 7 (sobes) Information on malignant neoplasms for 2020 (Tables 2000 and 2010, approved by Rosstat of Russia) and data on oncology of the Moscow Research Oncological Institute named after P.A. Herzen. RESULTS:The rate of in situ detection in the Republic (30.1 per 100 cases detected) exceeds the indicator for the North Caucasian Federal District (15.0 per 100 cases detected) and differs slightly from the indicator in the country (30.8 per 100 cases detected). A possible explanation for the increase in the incidence of cervical cancer in 20102019 is the increase in the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and the use of modern highly sensitive technologies for screening and early diagnosis. In 2020, the incidence of cervical cancer in the female population decreased. The dynamics of the incidence rates in the female population with cervical cancer in the Republic of Chechnya corresponds to the indicators in the North Caucasian Federal District and Russia. Owing to the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 among the population in 2020, the oncological services in Russia worked under challenging conditions. Clinical examinations for certain groups of the adult population were suspended, cancer screening opportunities were significantly limited, and the burden on the oncological care system was increased in general, which led to a decrease in the detection rates and affected the registration of cancer incidence rates. CONCLUSION:Generally, the North Caucasian Federal District, which includes the Republic of Chechnya, had the lowest mortality rates in comparison with other federal districts of the country. Compared with Russia, the Republic of Chechnya is among the territories with significantly lower mortality rates from cervical cancer.