Use of various research methods in forensic practice to determine lifetime and age of injury: A review

Abstract

From the 19th century to the present, forensic physicians have been interested in the subject of damage formation prescription. After reviewing the literature on the problem of traumatic hemorrhage prescription, it is clear that there is no single position, approach to the study of this issue, or an unambiguous time frame that accurately determines the period from injury to the victims death. Forensic doctors in the 19th and 21st centuries initially focused on the macroscopic picture of the injury, followed by microscopic examination. When studying micropreparations, they are guided by the cellular composition of the hemorrhage, based on previously known data, their own experience and knowledge in this field, the brief circumstances of the incident (if any are indicated in the direction of forensic histological examination), and the victims age. Researchers have determined approximations and developed approximate time frames for the formation of damage throughout the years, now taking into account the above characteristics and the victims condition during and after the injury, with the acquired experience and accumulated knowledge. However, scientists have not come to a consensus. Medicine, achievements, progress, and perseverance of scientists strive forward, involving related sciences in the study of antiquity. As a result, methods, such as molecular genetics, biophysical, biochemical, and immunohistochemical, have found use, allowing researchers to analyze cellular composition and enzymatic and hormonal changes in damaged tissues. Ultrasound is one of the instrumental methods being developed. This problem remains completely unresolved when both laboratory and instrumental methods and their combination are used.