Sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease: development mechanisms and opportunities of therapeutic exposure

Abstract

A review of the current literature on the relationship of sarcopenia and chronic kidney disease is presented. Sarcopenia is considered as a common clinical syndrome, with irreversible consequences, such as deterioration of self-care and quality of life, leading to disability (falls and fractures, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and their complications, etc.), an increased risk of iatrogenic complications, hospitalization and the development of death. This process is associated with aging, but is often found in certain diseases and at a young age. Sarcopenia is one of the leading causes of mortality in the elderly and senile. This pathology is rarely diagnosed, despite the fact that it makes a significant contribution during the course of the disease, especially in the older age group. Sarcopenia as a component of comorbidity almost always accompanies advanced and terminal stages of chronic diseases such as chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease, etc. Sarcopenia and chronic kidney disease closely interconnected by common pathophysiological mechanisms of development, which complicates the course, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Over the past decades, the problem of sarcopenia has been actively investigated, in connection with which its social and economic aspects have been studied. At the same time, measures aimed at the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia are not well understood and can be significantly difficult and limited due to the presence of concomitant pathology, as well as age-related characteristics of the body.