The effectiveness of surgical treatment of regmatogenic retinal detachment in children with retinopathy of prematurity and myopia according to the data of referral to the children’s consultative polyclinic department

Abstract

AIM: To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of regmatogenic retinal detachment in children with myopia and retinopathy of prematurity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of the surgical treatment of 73 children (86 eyes) with regmatogenic retinal detachment were analyzed. Group I included 50 children (56 eyes) with myopia, and group II included 23 patients (30 eyes) with grade 13 cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity. All patients underwent a standard ophthalmological examination before and after surgical treatment. The choice of surgical treatment strategies (scleral buckling, vitrectomy, and combined interventions) depended on the extent and localization of retinal detachment, the size and localization of retinal breaks, and the severity of proliferative and traction components. RESULTS: The surgical treatment of regmatogenic retinal detachment was effective in 88.4% of cases: 89.3% in group I and 86.7% in group II. Redetachments occurred after 130 months in 21.1% (16 of 76 eyes with satisfactory surgery results). The causes of redetachments were the development or intensification of proliferation, the appearance of new zones of retinal thinning and ruptures, the presence of pronounced secondary retinal changes that did not allow for a long-term effect, and eye injury. As a result of surgical treatment, complete retinal reattachment was achieved in 81.3% of cases (13 of 16 eyes). In 32.9% of cases, there was a significant increase in visual acuity (above 0.1) after surgery. CONCLUSION: The overall effectiveness of surgical treatment of regmatogenic retinal detachment (including redetachments) was 84.9%. Anatomical changes in the macula, both primary and after the underlying disease, have an impact on treatment effectiveness and functional outcomes, particularly in long-term retinal detachment accompanied by proliferative processes. It is critical to find the most effective and safe methods of treating regmatogenic retinal detachment in children.