Prophylaxis of surgical site infection

Abstract

The article provides a literature review of the methods for the prevention of local infectious complications preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. The analysis of the literature is devoted to the methods of prevention of postoperative purulent inflammatory wound complications. The review of scientific medical literature is based on the analysis of this problem. The article presents risk factors that contribute to the development of postoperative wound complications. Classification of surgical wounds was adopted to determine the risk of developing a surgical site infection (SSI), which distinguishes 4 classes: clean, conditionally clean, contaminated and dirty. The presented classification is based on the postoperative assessment of the wound bacterial contamination rate. The ClavienDindo classification of postoperative complications is the most relevant. This classification presents the tactics of the surgeon, depending on the class. The results of various studies indicate that antibiotic prophylaxis in the preoperative period reduces the development of local complications. The description of prevention methods focuses on intraoperative methods (devices for bringing together the edges of the wound, devices for treating wounds, surgical needles, suture material) and various types of antiseptics, which can reduce tissue damage during surgical interventions, reduce microbial contamination and the number of wound postoperative complications. Intraoperative instrumental methods allow less pronounced trauma to the wound during its processing and suturing. The postoperative method for diagnosing wound complications is an ultrasound method, which determines various formations in a postoperative wound.