Vegetative polysaccharides: new target and direction of clinical use

Abstract

P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1-protein) is a membrane efflux protein transporter located in hepatocytes, enterocytes, epithelial cells of the proximal renal tubules, histogematic barriers, and also in tumor cells, which releases the substrates from cells and plays an important role in pharmacokinetics of drugs. Inhibition of Pgp functional activity is promising for increasing the effectiveness of drug treatment of oncological diseases and pharmacoresistant epilepsy, but today no synthetic inhibitor of the transporter can be used in clinical practice because of side effects development. The aim of this review is to prove the relevance to use polysaccharides of plant origin, their derivatives and chemical modifications as effective, safe and cost-effective inhibitors of the transporter protein. The article describes the chemical structure of Pgp substrates and inhibitors, the ability to predict the drugs belonging to the transporter protein substrates or inhibitors. Some results of investigations of the belonging of oligo- and polysaccharides to Pgp substrates and inhibitors are presented. They are premises for carrying out appropriate experiments for polysaccharides of plant origin both in vitro and in vivo.