Dental status of professional athletes

Abstract

Aim. To reveal the rate and severity of clinical manifestations of common dental diseases and dentofacial anomalies in professional athletes Methods. The effect of intense physical exertion and overtraining syndrome on the state of the organs and tissues of the dental system were examined in 200 professional athletes aged 1825 years between 2014 and 2016. Five groups where each has the same number of athletes (n=40) included: team sport athletes (volleyball, handball), martial arts athletes (wrestling, boxing), gymnasts, swimmers, athletes. The control group consisted of 40 individuals who were not professionally involved in sports. The state of the oral cavity, in particular periodontal tissues, was judged by changes in the following indicators: prevalence of dentofacial anomalies, the incidence of dental caries, state of the oral cavity hygienic using by simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) ( Green J.С., Vermillion J.R., 1963), degree of gums bleeding by using the MuhlemannCowell bleeding index, degrees of severity of periodontopathy by using the papillary-marginal alveolar index (RMA) [Massler, Schour (1949) in Parma modification (1960)]. Results. According to the values of the simplified oral hygiene index the worst state of the oral cavity hygienic was in wrestlers (2.120.022 points) and boxers (2.030.029) compared to the control group (1.620.026, p=0.049 and p=0.001, respectively). Catarrhal gingivitis and generalized chronic periodontitis are most often diagnosed in the groups of wrestling (82.56.01%), gymnastics (77.56.60%), boxing (70.07.25%) and swimming (70.07.25%). Dentoalveolar anomalies were more often detected in boxers (77.5% of cases, p=0.001) and in gymnasts (34.0%, p=0.365) compared to the control group. In these groups, diastema was also more often diagnosed. Conclusion. Periodontal inflammation indicators were higher in wrestlers and gymnasts groups compared to the dental status of all other groups of athletes; caries and maximum level of dental anomalies are more common for boxers.