Oxidative stress as a marker of inflammation in cataracts

Abstract

Introduction. Oxidative stress is an important pathogenetic factor of degenerative eye diseases. Oxidative stress can damage tissues, leading to changes in their structure and function, increased vascular permeability, microvascular abnormalities and neovascularization. In turn, these changes can cause damage to the eye; denaturation of the crystalline lens. The purpose of the study: according to modern literature, to study the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the development of cataracts. The molecular mechanisms of cell damage under oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of cataracts caused by oxidative stress have been studied. Conclusion. Oxidative stress is an important pathogenetic mechanism of degenerative eye diseases. Oxidized phospholipids activate pro-inflammatory molecules and cause inflammation. Oxidative stress in the body is regulated by antioxidant mechanisms. An imbalance of antioxidants affects the lens and causes cataracts. The G/G genotype of SOD1-251 A/G polymorphism may lead to a higher risk of senile cataracts. The content of antioxidants depends on the density of the lens nuclei, on the type of cataract. Non-enzymatic antioxidants have a predominant effect in watery moisture, and enzymatic antioxidants in blood serum in patients with cataracts.