Trace elements and metalloenzymes in patients with acute pancreatitis

Abstract

For many decades, acute pancreatitis has occupied third place in the structure of emergency surgical abdominal conditions, second to acute calculous cholecystitis and acute appendicitis. Simultaneously, acute pancreatitis ranks first in mortality among other acute surgical conditions. Often acute pancreatitis occurs under the mask of gastroenterological problems. Complex electrolyte and trace element disorders are often formed in the early stages of developing pancreatitis. The concepts of diagnosis and therapeutic and surgical treatment of acute pancreatitis are formulated and reflected in numerous domestic and international monographs and recommendations, which emphasize the important role of water-electrolyte disorders, microbiota, systemic inflammatory response, and cytokine storm as etiological factors in inflammatory development and maintenance and destructive pancreatic and parapancreatic cellular processes. Sepsis, septic shock, and multiple organ failure are the leading causes of mortality in patients with infected pancreatic necrosis. Problems of the interrelation and role of individual trace elements and metalloenzymes as etiological factors in acute pancreatitis formation, prognostic biochemical markers of the severity of patients condition, and prognostic criteria of mortality and recovery are actively studied.