Abstract
Migraine is a heterogeneous neurological disease characterized by the development of periodic attacks of severe throbbing headache and related disorders, which occur in 1115% of the adult population of the planet. The article discusses the main forms of migraine with aura, migraine without aura, hereditary hemiplegic migraine in the context of their main clinical symptoms, molecular genetic risk factors involved in vascular and neurological processes, including activation trigeminovascular system. Emphasis is placed on the role of polymorphisms, hormone genes, neurotransmitters, their receptors, ion imbalance, ion channels, cytokines and growth factors, adhesion molecules, metabolic enzymes, matrix metalloproteases, vascular tone enzymes, antioxidant defense, lipid metabolism, proteins with a not yet established function.