Non-traditional methods of microbiota disorders correction in children born by cesarean section

Abstract

The high frequency of cesarean sections, associated with an increase in the number of complications of this surgery, worries not only obstetricians and gynecologists around the world, but also pediatricians. Excessive medicalization of such a biologically natural process as childbirth, an increase in the frequency of caesarean section, the lack of contact of the fetus with the microflora of the mother’s vagina, subsequent difficulties in establishing breastfeeding directly affect the formation of the intestinal microbiota of a child in the first year of life. Today, the gut microbiome is considered as a separate human organ that determines the predisposition to the development of obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, allergies, autism and even depression. By correcting the intestinal microbiota of a child of the first year of life, it is possible to influence the risks of the formation of these diseases. The simplest and most physiological way is to establish long-term breastfeeding, since it is the oligosaccharides of the breast milk that increase the level of Bifidobacteria. Probiotic correction also seems promising. The review presents new technologies for restoring the intestinal microbiota of children born by caesarean section, who, for objective reasons, avoided contact with the mother’s vaginal microflora. Some of these technologies are quite controversial, some of them, such as vaginal seeding, seem easy to implement and promising. Their further study on large cohorts of patients will make it possible to fully assess their safety and effectiveness in the prevention of microbiome disorders in children of the first year of life.