Assessment of periodontal tissue condition in adult residents of Arkhangelsk

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Periodontal diseases is a serious public health problem, as they are widespread worldwide and are not fully understood; thus, the relationship between age and sex characteristics and the state of periodontal tissues should be studied. AIM: To study qualitative and quantitative signs of periodontal diseases in adults in Arkhangelsk, Russia, according to the 2021 ESSE-RF3 data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in 2021 in conjunction with data collection for the multicenter ESSE-RF3 study in the Arkhangelsk region. The examination of periodontal tissues of the participants, who were divided into age groups 35–44, 45–64, and 65–74 years old, was conducted in six sextants according to WHO criteria. The prevalence of signs of periodontal diseases was represented as fractions with 95% CI and intensity as an arithmetic mean with 95% CI. Ordinal categorical and continuous variables were compared by the Kruskal–Wallis criterion. The Mann–Whitney criterion with Bonferroni correction was used for a posteriori comparisons. RESULTS: This study included 1631 individuals (women, 932; men, 699) with an average age of 55.3 years. The prevalence of periodontal diseases at the age of 35–74 years was 90.6% (95% CI: 89.1–91.9), and the intensity was 2.75 (95% CI: 2.67–2.83). The intensity of signs of periodontal disease was higher in men (2.92) than in women (2.62). Men had a higher average number of sextants with bleeding (1.53 vs 1.14), mineralized dental deposits (1.20 vs 0.89), periodontal pockets (1.25 vs 0.98), and removed teeth (2.46 vs 2.14). The highest intensity was at the age of 45–64 years, in men (3.12) and women (2.75, significantly higher in men (p=0.002). Furthermore, the significant differences in the indicators of VZP between men and women were at the age of 45–64 years: bleeding (1.59 vs 1.17), mineralized dental deposits (1.25 vs 0.89), and periodontal pockets (1.38 vs 1.06). In the 65–74 years age group, no significant differences were found in the signs of periodontal diseases between men and women. CONCLUSION: Periodontal disease prevalence in adults in Arkhangelsk reached 90%. At age 45–64 years, the intensity of signs of VZD is highest, with higher rates of periodontal disease in men, and at age 65–74 years, the difference in indicators is leveled. The study results establishes the creation of a system of preventive measures for periodontal diseases in adults in the Arkhangelsk region.