Cardiovascular pathology in HIV infection

Abstract

Currently, there are indications of an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular pathology in patients with HIV infection in comparison with population data and a higher mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases. The problem of detecting the pathology of the cardiovascular system in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is relevant due to the increase in the number of HIV-positive individuals and the established effect of HIV infection on the circulatory organs. In order to identify cardiovascular pathology, two patients with stages III and IV of HIV infection were extensively examined. The examination was carried out using electrocardiography, echocardiography and ultrasound dopplerography. Both clinical cases are presented below, in which pronounced cardiovascular pathology was detected in both cases. As factors influencing the development of pathology of the cardiovascular system, based on the presented clinical examples, drug addiction (long-term intravenous use of surfactants) and pathologies of other internal organs in the development of HIV-mediated opportunistic diseases are considered. Analysis of the course of the disease showed that the lesion can develop in various stages of HIV infection, more often infectious endocarditis is the main diagnosis in patients in stage 3 of HIV infection (the first clinical example), and dilated cardiomyopathy in the late stages of HIV infection and is considered as a concomitant pathology due to lung and kidney damage (the second clinical example).