Status of placental barrier of women at the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors

Abstract

The aim was to study the peculiarities of the placental status of women under the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors. We performed immunohistochemical, histological and immunomorphological study of 384 samples of placenta of women with the most common conditions (asthma, smoking, metabolic syndrome and obesity). We studied the expression of immunohistochemical markers, that indicate the presence of immune inflammation in placenta - CD31, CD35, CD57, CD83, alpha-amylase (α-Amyl) and melatonin receptor 1B (Rc-M-1B), identified C3 complement fraction, fibrinogen, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IgA, IgM, IgG. The largest number of immune deposits, fixed in the placenta that damage the the placental barrier (endothelium of vessels of chorionic villi and basal membrane of syncytiotrophoblast) were found in cases of moderate and severe asthma, in cases of who smoked throughout the pregnancy and was more common in cases with metabolic syndrome, while compared with obesity group. We had shown that various antigenic factors influencing on the pregnant woman revealed a similar pathogenetic impact of the pathogenic immune complex (PIC) on the membrane structures of the placenta. Destruction of the membrane structures of placental barrier at the areas of PIC leads to dystrophic and necrotic lesions of the placenta and impaired immune homeostasis, development of immunopathological process and placental insufficiency, which correlates with pregnancy and labour complications, and may be predictors of the possible development of allergic diseases in childhood.