Features of the microenvironment of oncourological tumors

Abstract

The interaction of tumor cells, especially if they are stem or resting, with myeloid and lymphoid components, as well as extracellular matrix producers, leads to the formation of a pathological microenvironment that causes resistance to many systemic treatment options. The aim of the work is to present modern literature and own data concerning the features of the composition and structure of the microenvironment in tumors of the kidney, prostate and bladder. The article presents data on the composition and interaction of various subpopulations of cells in the tumor microenvironment, as well as on the role of stem tumor cells in its formation. Defects of signaling pathways of stem tumor cells are described, as well as the mechanism of interaction between the tumor and the immune system in the process of carcinogenesis. Approaches to the assessment of the type of microenvironment for the purpose of individualization of treatment are analyzed in detail. The authors present their own data on the nature of the distribution of subpopulations of lymphocytes and suppressor cells of myeloid origin in patients with metastatic forms of tumors of the genitourinary tract. The variants of using data on the structure of the microenvironment in order to optimize treatment tactics in cancer patients are indicated.