Study of indicators of the immune status in HIV-infected patients with concurrent allergic pathology

Abstract

Aim. To study the indicators of the immune status and manifestations of allergic diseases in HIV-infected patients in the Novgorod region. Methods. We studied the data of HIV-infected patients living in the Novgorod region for the years 20002021. A total of 1020 cases of HIV infection were studied, in which 121 (12%) patients were diagnosed with allergic reactions. In patients with allergic manifestations, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ribonucleic acid content was measured by the polymerase chain reaction method, and the indicators of the immune status (the content of lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, the levels of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ cells, immunoregulatory index) were assessed. For statistical analysis, the Student's test (t) was used to assess the statistical significance of differences in immune status indicators, and the Pearson 2 test to assess the statistical significance of differences in allergic manifestations in patients with HIV. Results. The subjects of the study were divided into 2 groups based on the levels of HIV viral load. Analysis of these groups using the Pearson 2 test showed a statistically significant (p 0.012) correlation between high viral load and the development of drug hypersensitivity reaction in HIV-infected patients. The following etiology of allergic reactions was determined among the subjects: drug (59%), food (19%), pollen (5.7%), household (5.7%), chemical (1.9%), unspecified (6.7%). The study of the immune status in two groups did not reveal statistically significant differences (p 0.05). The study of the immune status indicators in HIV-infected patients with drug hypersensitivity reactions and different levels of viral load revealed a significantly higher level of CD3+ cells (p 0.003) in patients with drug hypersensitivity reactions and detectable viral load. Conclusion. The study revealed statistically significant differences in the immune status of HIV-infected patients with drug hypersensitivity reactions living in the Novgorod region compared with HIV-infected patients without drug allergies.