The modern significant of the bronchial asthma

Abstract

A review of modern literature on the diagnostic algorithm of bronchial asthma and a detailed examination of all its stages is presented. It is known that bronchial asthma is the most common form of the disease, prone to progression to more severe forms, but fraught with the development of exacerbations, even fatal. Often, general practitioners perceive bronchial asthma as a manageable, understandable disease, for the successful treatment of which it is enough to identify and isolate the allergen, as well as prescribe therapy. Understanding the mechanisms of development of bronchial asthma helps to increase the effectiveness of the diagnosis and treatment of asthma, preferably taking into account the phenotype. Determining the phenotypic characteristics of bronchial asthma is a requirement of the time, because personalized medicine does not yet require the creation of a separate drug, diagnostic or prophylactic method for each individual patient, but it requires the selection of patients (allocation of subpopulations / clusters / phenotypes of bronchial asthma) that are most responsive to a particular drug, a method for diagnosing or preventing a disease. The essence of phenotyping in medicine is the optimization of diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The central and most studied links of the pathogenetic mechanism and its variants of development are described, phenotypes of bronchial asthma are discussed, as well as options for basic and targeted therapy of bronchial asthma. The necessity of studying personalized therapy and flexible dosing of drugs used in the treatment of bronchial asthma is emphasized.