Role of bioenergetic hypoxia in the morphological transformation of the myocardium during vibration disease

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Analysis of literature on the structural changes in the heart in patients with vibration disease using echocardiographic research methods revealed a concentric type of remodeling of the left ventricular chambers, which is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular complications, including sudden cardiac death, in people of working age. AIM: To determine the role of bioenergetic hypoxia in the development of morphological transformation of the myocardium to substantiate the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for vibration disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The energy production activity of cellular systems of heart tissue in vitro was analyzed by the polarographic method using a closed galvanic-type oxygen sensor (Clark electrode). The stressful effects of vibration were confirmed by the dynamics of the morphohistological picture of changes in the myocardial tissue of the left ventricle in the apical region after standard alcohol–paraffin wiring and staining of histological preparations with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS: Evaluation of the morphometric and bioenergetic parameters of cardiomyocytes under various experimental vibration modes (7, 21, and 56 sessions with a frequency of 8 and 44 Hz) confirmed the relationship between the provision of tissue with energy potential and morphological signs of pathological structural changes in the myocardial tissue, such as hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, development of fibrosis, restructuring of the vascular bed, and necrosis. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the relationship between energy metabolism and morphohistological transformation of heart tissue allows us to resolve the role of universal and specific mechanisms in cardiac remodeling in the presence of vibration and pathogenetically substantiate the choice of drugs that not only have a vibration-protective effect but also inhibit pathological structural changes in the myocardial tissue.