Life expectancy disparities in Florida: a quantitative analysis of two counties

Abstract

Objectives. Despite substantial healthcare spending in the United States, health outcomes for low socioeconomic status populations remain less than the general population. This disparity is significantly influenced by social determinants of health (SDOH), such as income, education, and environment. This study delved into the influence of SDOH on the life expectancy gap between two Florida counties, Collier (with high life expectancy) and Marion (with low life expectancy). Examining these two contrasting counties aims to identify how SDOH contributed to this disparity. Methods. This comprehensive quantitative analysis considered three key areas: demographics, SDOH, and the influence of SDOH on internal and external factors of death and longevity. Demographic data for Collier and Marion counties and the Florida average were collected and converted to z scores. Linear regression was deployed to understand the relationship between these demographic variables. The z scores from the latest internal and external death data from Florida Health Charts (n.d.) were used in a linear regression to determine how the SDOH from each county influences years of potential life lost (YPLL). This comprehensive approach aimed to reveal how demographic characteristics and SDOH contributed to the life expectancy gap between the two counties. Survey population. Results. The regression analysis revealed a robust correlation between SDOH and internal causes of death (chronic diseases), which significantly impact life expectancy. SDOH factors explain a substantial portion of the variation in YPLL in both counties. However, the association between SDOH and external causes of death requires further investigation. While a positive correlation existed, it lacks statistical significance, suggesting the involvement of other factors. These findings underscore the importance of addressing SDOH in healthcare policies and practices to reduce the life expectancy gap. Conclusions. The analysis revealed a clear association between SDOH and life expectancy. Collier County has a higher median income, diverse population, excellent working-age demographics, and higher life expectancy. Conversely, Marion County, with lower income, less diversity, and younger populations with more children, has a higher risk of chronic diseases and lower life expectancy. The findings highlighted the importance of SDOH in understanding life expectancy variations and emphasized the need for targeted interventions to address social determinants and improve health outcomes across communities.