Analyzing the Institutional and Socio-Political Impacts of Sheikh Hasina’s Departure on Bangladesh’s Democracy

Abstract

Sheikh Hasina’s departure from the position of Prime Minister of Bangladesh on August 5, 2024, following prolonged anti-government protests, marks a significant turning point in the nation’s political landscape. Hasina, whose tenure was characterized by notable economic advancements and controversial governance, faced a dramatic fall from power as a result of mounting public dissent and international criticism. Her administration's authoritarian practices and failure to address key public grievances, including the brutal suppression of student protests, eroded her support and ultimately led to her fleeing the country. The immediate effects of her departure include heightened political instability, potential disruptions in policy continuity, and public unrest. In the long term, the success of Bangladesh’s transition will hinge on the new leadership’s ability to manage economic challenges, uphold democratic norms, and maintain institutional integrity. The situation underscores the broader global struggle between authoritarianism and democratic aspirations, highlighting the crucial role of effective governance and inclusive political engagement in shaping Bangladesh’s future trajectory.