COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DENS ITOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF BONE TISSUE IN THE CASE OF LOSS OF THE MASTICATORY TEETH OF THE MANDIBLE

Abstract

Conducting densitometric studies aimed at objectifying and improving the accuracy of estimating the structural parameters of the bone become fundamental in the rehabilitation of patients to meet their functional, prosthetic and aesthetic needs. Today, the results of bone density analysis determine the priority in choosing a new method of direct implantation with immediate load or search for an alternative to existing ones that guarantee the predictability of the result concerning the physiological terms of osteogenesis, directed bone regeneration and other reconstructive surgical interventions. Based on 243 computed tomographic digital scans taken by the VaTech PaX-I 3D Green extraoral system, bone density was analyzed in conventional grayness units (CGU) in the projection of the missing 3.7, 3.6, 4.6, 4.7 teeth and 136 studies were selected as objects for this work, which provide proper information and signifi cant cognitive importance. The maximum mineralization of bone tissue in the toothless distal areas of the lower jaw, both on the left and right sides, was established in individuals of the fi rst study group (25-45 years) with values of pronounced density on sagittal sections of horizontal planes in the projection of 3.6 tooth M=1246.6±63.13 CGU and in projection 4.6 tooth, where M=1158.8±47.04 CGU. The lowest values of bone density were determined in individuals of the third study group (61-75 years) on sagittal sections of vertical planes in projections of 3.7 tooth, where M=736.8±42.63 CGU, and 4.7 tooth, where M=778.8±51.79 CGU. The result of the analysis of this work confi rms the hypothesis of age-related dependence of changes in bone density on the time of tooth loss. It was found that early loss of the masticatory teeth leads to high indicators, with an increase in bone density towards distalization of the terminal defect of dentition. Conversely, the lack of functional action on bone tissue leads to a decrease in its density in the age aspect, and, accordingly, the exhaustion of the trabecular layer, which contributes to the progression of atrophic processes.