Features of the chemical composition of some species of Crataegus L. (Rosaceae)

Abstract

Introduction. Study of non-pharmacopoeia species of Crataegus L. an important task of modern pharmacy. More than 40 wild species of Crataegus L. grow in Russia, and more than 90 species have been introduced. The State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation for hawthorn fruits and flowers uses standardization of flavonoids in terms of hyperoside. However, a number of authors are developing methods for standardization of various raw materials of the genus Crataegus L. for other target substances, for example: vitexin, vitexin-2-rhamnoside, rutin, procyanidins, quercetin, catechin, anthocyanins. The purpose of the work is to search for differences in the chemical composition of introduced species of the genus Crataegus L. in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Material and methods. The objects of the study were shoots of 23 non-pharmacopoeial species of the genus Crataegus L. and shoots of the pharmacopoeial species Crataegus sanguinea Pall., taken for comparative analysis, harvested during the flowering period in 2019–2022 in the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute – a separate structural subdivision of the Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Ufa Federal Research Center" of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Ufa in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Comparative qualitative analysis was carried out by TLC and UV-spectrophotometry. Results and discussions. As a result of chromatographic studies, it was found that hyperoside and vitexin are present in all the studied species. As a result of the study of UV spectra, it turned out that in 18 studied species of Crataegus L., the maximum absorption was observed at 410± nm, which indicates the predominance of hyperoside, and in other 6 species, the maximum absorption was observed at 396±2 nm, which indicates the predominance of vitexin in raw materials. Comparing the data obtained, it turned out that in the subgenus Americanae, the accumulation of hyperoside is observed in most species – 81% of the studied species, in the subgenus Sanguinea – 50% and in the subgenus Crataegus – 100% of the studied species. Conclusion. According to the studies obtained , the European species Crataegus L. they accumulate mainly vitexin, and Asian and American species of Crataegus L. – hyperoside. The most promising for further research are C.rivularis, C. calpodendron, C. collina, C. horrida, C. laurentiana, C. pennsylvanica, C. submollis, C. densiflora, C. douglasii, C. macracantha, C. prunifolia.