Gut microbiota and probiotics: from theory to practice

Abstract

Research in recent years has provided much information about the overall composition and function of the gut microbiota. It has been established that the microbiota contributes to maintaining the integrity of the mucosa, providing nutrients, protecting against pathogens, etc. In addition, the interaction between the microbiota and the mucosal immune system is crucial for the formation of adequate immunity. Thus, understanding the human microbiota can be directed towards better diagnosis and rational treatment of many human diseases. The use of probiotics in various nosological forms demonstrate encouraging results. Diseases of the gastroenterological profile and not only often require the appointment of probiotics. The main mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics are considered from the standpoint of their pleiotropic action. The choice of multi-strain probiotic preparations is preferable and justified from the point of view of the synergy of its constituent microorganisms, which allows achieving the best effect. The latest generation of probiotics with an innovative protective double shell demonstrate high clinical efficacy due to the preservation of the viability of probiotic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract.