Affiliation:
1. Moscow Polytechnic University
Abstract
Objectives. To develop technologies for producing multilayer films of transparent thermoplastic polymers; to study methods of modifying their supramolecular structure; and to determine their optical properties by means of optical-polarization methods for the use of modified films as decorative and design materials in modern architecture.Methods. Industrial samples of polystyrene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride films from various manufacturers (Don Polimer, Vektor, and Sibur) were the objects of the study. The optical properties of the films were studied by means polarized-light spectrophotometry. In order to modify the supramolecular structure of the polymers, the surfaces of the films were treated under isometric conditions with volatile solvents or their aqueous solutions. Parts of the layers of multilayer films were removed by cutting with a punching knife using a press or with a manual device for perforating printing materials.Results. The spectral characteristics of multilayer films of several transparent thermoplastic polymers in polarized light were determined. The study showed that a wide palette of colors and contrasting images can be obtained by mechanically removing part of the layers of multilayer films. The phenomenon of pseudo-disappearance of the outermost layer was discovered after treatment of a stack of films under isometric conditions with volatile solvents or their aqueous solutions.Conclusions. Based on the example of large-scale production thermoplastics, it was shown that a combination of technological methods of stacking, perforation, and local plasticization of films of transparent thermoplastic polymers can produce pleochroic multicolor materials for a range of human activities. The possibility of hidden coding of information on multilayer packaging materials, and its visualization and instrumental reading in polarized light was confirmed by color differential and contrast of 150 and 60 units, respectively. It was also shown that several monochrome tones of different lightness and brightness can be obtained by varying the number of layers or perforating the films in multilayer materials.
Reference19 articles.
1. Aleksandrov A.Ya., Akhmetzyanov M.Kh. Polyarizatsionnoopticheskie metody mekhaniki deformiruemogo tela (Polarization-Optical Methods of Mechanics of Deformable Body). Moscow: Nauka; 1973. 576 p. (in Russ.).
2. Markov A.V., Lobanov V.A. Study of the stress state of polycarbonate monolithic sheets using optical-polarization methods. Tonk. Khim. Tekhnol. = Fine Chem. Technol. 2022;17(1):65–75 (Russ., Eng.). https://doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-1-65-75
3. Nikolaev A.A., Ermakova I.N., Kondratov A.P. Variation range of color multilayer protective packaging elements made of polymers identified in polarized light. Izvestiya TulGU. Tekhnicheskie nauki = Proceedings of the TSU. Technical Sciences. 2017;(12–2):78–88 (in Russ.).
4. Ivanova N.G., Ivanchev S.S., Domareva N.M. Effect of conditions of synthesis on the composition and composition heterogeneity of poly-(styrene-block-methyl methacrylates), obtained by radical polymerization initiated by polyfunctional peroxides. Polymer Sci. U.S.S.R. 1976;18(12):3190–3196. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(76)90434-2 [Original Russian Text: Ivanova N.G., Ivanchev S.S., Domareva N.M. Effect of conditions of synthesis on the composition and composition heterogeneity of poly-(styreneblock-methyl methacrylates), obtained by radical polymerization initiated by polyfunctional peroxides. Vysokomolekulyarnye Soedineniya. Seriya A. 1976;18(12):2788–2792 (in Russ.). URL: http://polymsci.ru/static/Archive/1976/VMS_1976_T18_12/VMS_1976_T18_12_2788-2792.pdf ]
5. Lim Y.-S., Kim J.S., Choi J.H., Kim J.M., Shim T.S. Solvatochromic discrimination of alcoholic solvents by structural colors of polydopamine nanoparticle thin films. Colloid Interface Sci. Commun. 2022;48:100624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2022.100624