Seedling development and growth of white clover, caucasian clover and perennial ryegrass grown in field and controlled environments

Author:

Black A.D.,Moot D.J.,Lucas R.J.

Abstract

Autumn sowing on 4 February (SD1) and 31 March (SD2) 2000 was used to compare the establishment success of white and caucasian clovers sown with 0, 3, 6 or 12 kg seed/ha of perennial ryegrass. Total dry matter (DM) production from sowing to 3 October 2000 averaged 5770 and 3470 kg DM/ha for the two sowing dates, respectively. Clover species did not affect herbage production in monocultures which averaged 2610 kg DM/ha. The total DM increase from the addition of ryegrass was 87, 109 and 114% for 3, 6 and 12 kg/ha, respectively. On 3 October 2000, white clover content averaged 15% when sown with 3-12 kg/ha ryegrass on SD1 but less than 2% for SD2. Caucasian clover never exceeded 9% in either sowing and weed content was 2% when ryegrass was included for SD1 but 18% for SD2. A complimentary controlled environment study examined seedling development and growth of the three species. For each species the leaf appearance interval (phyllochron) in days differed across temperatures but was constant in thermal time at 94ºCd for white clover, 109ºCd for caucasian clover and 101ºCd for ryegrass. Axillary leaves and tillers of ryegrass first appeared after 375ºCd compared with 439ºCd for axillary leaves of white clover and 532ºCd for stolon initials. No secondary leaf development or rhizome initiation was detected in caucasian clover up to 774ºCd. At this time ryegrass seedling shoots were 635 mg/plant compared with 167 and 184 mg/plant for white and caucasian clovers, respectively. Thus, the success of ryegrass seedlings during autumn pasture establishment was explained by its high relative growth rate, and rapid onset of axillary leaf and tiller development compared with white and particularly caucasian clovers. Successful caucasian clover establishment is most likely to occur in the absence of either ryegrass or white clover. Keywords: axillary shoots, Lolium perenne, pasture establishment, phyllochron, sowing date, sowing rate, thermal time, Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium repens

Publisher

New Zealand Grassland Association

Subject

General Medicine

Cited by 4 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3